镜头类型

物镜

物镜由几个镜头agnify an object and project a larger image. According to the difference of the focal distance, lenses of different magnifications are available, such as 4x, 10x, 40x, and 50x. In addition to the magnification, indexes to show the performance of an objective lens include the numerical aperture and the working distance.
Light transmitted through a lens generates color aberration (color bleeding), which has a different refractive index according to the wavelength. To prevent this, the following lenses have been developed:

- Achromatic lens

旨在使两个波长（颜色）的折射率相同的镜头。这种类型的镜头被广泛使用，部分是由于其合理的价格。

- 半高将镜头（氟透镜）

Lenses designed to make the refractive indexes of three wavelengths (colors) of light the same. This type of lens is used for fluorescence observation because the transmission ratio is ensured for ultra-violet light with a wavelength of about 340 nm.

- Apochromatic lens

Lenses designed to make the refractive indexes of three wavelengths (colors) of light the same, as with a semi-Apochromatic lens. This type of lens features a large numerical aperture and a better resolution and thus is often used for research that requires detailed observation. This high performance means the price is also higher.

- Plan lens

校正场曲率像差的镜头，因此不仅透镜中心，而且外围。如果上面列出的镜头对其场曲率纠正纠正，则它们分别称为PLAN PLAN CHAROMONE透镜，Plan Fluorite透镜和PLAN APOCHROMATIC LENS。在大多数情况下，“计划”在镜片的一侧标记。

- Immersion lens

通过在物镜和样品之间填充液体以实现高分辨率来增加数值孔径。使用油的浸入式镜头称为油浸入式镜片，使用水的透镜称为水浸入水。前者在侧面标有“ hi”或“石油”，后者是“ w”或“水”。

眼镜镜头（目镜）

一个要安装在观察者一侧的镜头。通过眼镜透镜进一步放大了通过物镜镜头放大的图像进行观察。眼镜由一到三个镜头组成，还提供了一种称为野外停止的机制，可消除不必要的反射光和畸变。
Different types are available according to the magnification they provide, such as 7x and 15x. In addition to magnification, the performance of a lens is represented by the field number, which shows the range of the field-of-view.
与客观镜头相反，眼镜的放大倍数越高，长度越短。
The following lenses are available according to the structure of the field stop or application:

- Huygens lens

由两个Plano-Convex镜头组成。这种类型的镜头用于低放大倍率，其特征是位于镜头管中的场停止。

- 拉姆斯登镜头

这种类型的镜头的特征是位于镜头管外的场停止。

- Periplan镜头

纠正放大倍数和其他特性的色差异常，即使在视野的外围，也可以清晰观察。

- 补偿镜头

An ocular lens that compensates for the aberration caused by an objective lens.

- 宽场镜头

确保广泛的视野，主要用于观察生物体和矿物质。

- Super-field lens

188bet在线支持更广泛的视野，主要用于立体显微镜。

冷凝器镜头

A lens to be mounted under the stage. This lens can adjust the amount of light to uniformly illuminate objects. It is useful for observation at high magnification. There are various types of condenser lenses, ranging from general "abbe condensers" to "achromatic condensers" that correct color aberration.

- Abbe condenser

A simple condenser lens that is often used on microscopes installed in educational institutions.

- 出色的冷凝器

A condenser lens that corrects color aberration. Achromatic aplanatic condenser lenses are available as an advanced type that can correct field curvature.

- Universal condenser

Supports a wide range of observation, such as darkfield, phase contrast, differential interference contrast, and polarized light observation.

关于放大

总观察放大倍数由物镜和眼镜镜的宏伟元素表示。例如，具有20倍的物镜和10倍的眼镜镜头使总倍倍倍增加200倍。
1倍的放大倍数是指在250毫米的距离用眼睛观察对象的状态。250毫米被认为是人眼最容易看待的距离。这称为独特视力的距离。通过将不同视力的距离除以镜头的焦距，可以获得眼镜的放大。