粘合剂Coating
粘附是通过化学或物理力键合两个表面的状态，或通过粘合剂介质组合的状态。本节解释了粘附的机制以及粘合剂的类型和功能。
粘附机制
The mechanisms of adhesion can be divided into the following three major subcategories.
机械键合
Two surfaces are bonded by an adhesive that cures after filling the holes and asperities on the surfaces. This is called an "anchor effect” (or a “fastener effect”).
- 目标材料
- 粘合剂
物理互动
物理互动bonding is the principle of adhesion based on the van der Waals force (intermolecular force), which is the force of attraction between all molecules. This force is also called a “secondary bonding force”.
- 目标材料
- 粘合剂
Chemical interaction
靶材料与粘合剂之间的化学相互作用会导致原子之间的化学键，从而导致相对较强的粘附。这也称为“初级键合”，包括共价和氢键。
- 目标材料
- 粘合剂
- 化学键
例如，上面的这些分类仅仅是目的。有很多方法可以分类粘附的类型，有些可能与上述描述有所不同。
粘合剂的类型和功能
粘合剂的分类
涂层附着力的一个结合对象的过程s using an adhesive that wets a target and then solidifies. There are various types of adhesives, including liquid and solid types. The solid adhesives must be melted by heat, and the objects become bonded when the adhesive solidifies. Adhesives can be divided into the following three major types.
- One-component and two-component adhesives (such as urethane or epoxy)
- Classified as liquid adhesives, one-component adhesives cure using moisture in the air or through heat. Two-component adhesives cure when two types of liquid—resin and a hardener—are mixed together. Compared with hot melt adhesives, two-component adhesives generally offer higher adhesion strength.
- Hot melt adhesives
- 这些固体粘合剂（在块或颗粒中）必须在使用前用热融化。这种类型的特征是较短的固化时间，条件更少。常见材料包括聚醚，烯烃，橡胶，EVA和PA。
- Reactive hot melt adhesives
- Reactive hot melt adhesives are adhesives with heat-resistant properties. The adhesive cures in response to moisture in the surrounding air. These adhesives are characterized by low melting and coating temperatures, and are used for a variety of target types.
例如，上面的这些分类仅仅是目的。有很多方法可以分类粘附的类型，有些可能与上述描述有所不同。
功能性粘合剂
虽然粘合剂的基本目标是将对象粘合在一起，但有“功能性粘合剂”提供各种键合特性，例如不同的固化过程和粘附速度。还可以实现其他材料功能，例如特定的电导率，耐用性，透明度或弹性。
| 类型 | Function |
|---|---|
| 即时固化粘合剂 | 粘合剂s that cure quickly (in 5 seconds or less). |
| Contact curing adhesive | One surface is coated with agent A, and the other is coated with agent B. Curing starts when agent A comes into contact with agent B. This makes mixing the agents beforehand unnecessary. |
| 紫外固化粘合剂 | These adhesives are used for bonding light-transmissive materials. The adhesive cures instantaneously when UV (ultraviolet) light is applied. |
| Anaerobic curing adhesive | 这种粘合剂通过螺钉周围的间隙（例如空气（氧））固化而渗透到螺钉周围的缝隙中。 |
| 财产 | Function |
|---|---|
| 透明度 | 提供透明度，其折射率等于玻璃透镜。 |
| 电导率 | Offers the ability to absorb electromagnetic waves to prevent radio interference. |
| 耐热性 | Offers high heat resistance (e.g., alumina, zirconia, or other inorganics). |
| Elasticity | 提供极高的弹力水平。用于具有不同热膨胀系数的键合材料或需要更大耐用性的粘结。 |
| Stiffness | 通过使用电阻焊接和与粘合剂（焊接键）使用“点”键合，提供了连接部分的高刚度。 |
除上述内容外，还有一些粘合剂可提供其他各种特性和功能，例如密封，绝缘，火焰延迟，热导率和泡沫。
扩大粘合剂的应用
尽管粘合剂和涂料设备已经变得更加多样化和精致，但粘合键合的应用也已扩展到更广泛的领域。特别是对于结构性粘合剂，需求正在增长，以确切的粘合剂应用（例如小型粘合剂涂层）满足显示器（LCD和有机EL）和智能设备（智能手机，平板电脑）的较薄设计需求，以及不同的不同粘结追求汽车和航空航天行业的较轻重量和更高刚性的材料。
什么是结构粘合剂？
In general, a structural adhesive is an adhesive designed for high-strength bonding. Using a coating with these adhesive properties provide "area" bonding, resulting in a lightweight and strong bond. Combining area bonding with "point" bonding, such as spot welding, bolts, or rivets a bond with even higher rigidity can be created. A typical example is "weld bonding", which uses spot welding in the car body assembly process.
Applications of structural adhesives
Structural adhesives have been widely used in the aerospace industry for more than half a century, including for airplanes, helicopters, supersonic jets, the Apollo spacecraft, and space shuttles.
如今，由于在汽车体和其他产品中使用复合材料（多物质）的使用增加，以减少环境负荷和提高生产率，因此对不同材料的粘结需求正在增长。结果，结构轻巧和高强度的粘合剂不仅吸引了最先进的先进领域，例如太空开发，而且在高量生产领域（例如汽车行业）引起了人们的关注。
- Applications of structural adhesives for bonding different materials
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汽车有关 要求 复合材料的键合，以减轻体重和增加汽车的刚性 Material Aluminum chassis + CFRP interior 粘结法 基于氨基氨酸的结构粘合剂 +少量螺栓 Securing various motor magnets (such as FA servo motors) 要求 提供高耐热性和高强度的不同材料的粘结 Material Nd (neodymium) magnet + Laminated core 粘结法 SGA adhesive (reactive acrylic adhesive) Solar battery panel (for artificial satellites) 要求 抵抗热周期（-150°C至 +200°C），对辐射，透明度等的抗性。 Material 太阳能电池电池 +盖玻璃 粘结法 Silicone adhesive
